Physique-chimie BCPST Concours Agro-Véto : Oraux corrigés et commentés on Amazon.com.au. The infection is caused by a previously unknown strain of coronavirus, a large family of viruses named after their crown-like protruding spines. [17], The human CoV SARS binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE II. Efficacy was demonstrated in calves 3 days of age and older, and safety has been demonstrated in calves 1 day of age and older. All samples should be shipped in a leak-proof container to the laboratory by overnight courier on ice packs for optimal test outcomes. Coronaviruses infect many animals including pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs & cats, and cattle. The following surveillance information only applies to the four common human coronavirus types, not SARS-CoV2 or COVID-19. Fecal FCoV RT-PCR tests should be interpreted cautiously. Forum discussions containing the search term; engl. High immune status will be more effective at slowing down the virus.[7]. [11][12][13], fAPN (feline), hAPN (human) and pAPN (porcine) differ in some areas of N-glycosylation. FCoV serotype II (also called type II) is less frequent and is described as 'FECV type II that can mutate to FIPV type II.' The virus that causes COVID-19 is different from other coronaviruses that affect domestic animals. Coronavirus definition, any of various RNA-containing spherical viruses of the family Coronaviridae, including several that cause acute respiratory illnesses. This patient was identified as part of the epidemiological investigation initiated by the French authorities, following laboratory confirmation of the first case on 7 May 2013. When 4 kittens (6 cats in total) are born into this house, the risk increases from 2 to 30 (62−6). Lactoferrin has many properties that make it a very good candidate for this anti-coronavirus activity: The structures of the polypeptide chain and carbohydrate moieties of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) are well established. [21] It has also been demonstrated that swine enteric coronavirus (group 1) fusion to the enterocyte is accomplished via binding to the APN in the presence of the sialic acid. Stay Connected; Pebble Beach - The magazine. Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for. One of a family of RNA-containing viruses known to cause severe respiratory illnesses. It includes the principal University library – the Bodleian Library – which has been a legal deposit library for 400 years; as well as 30 libraries across Oxford including major research libraries and faculty, department and institute libraries. Extensive data also shows that processes using sialic acid are directly involved in the interaction with the receptor's lectins. An S protein from a yet-unknown virus was passed into the ancestor and gave rise to CCoV, whose S protein was again recombined into FCoV I to form FCoV II. In a cat with clinical signs consistent with FIP, FCoV RT-PCR positive results on fluids or tissues may indicate active FIP. This page was last edited on 25 January 2021, at 06:41. Check out pictures, bibliography, and biography of Christian Bellec It's still important to get help from a GP if you need it. It generally causes asymptomatic infection, but can cause mild diarrhea. When screening an individual cat in a multi-cat household it is important to positively identify the source of the fecal sample. Both viruses are capable of causing severe disease. FCoV RT-PCR positive results in tissues from a clinically normal cat are only indicative of infection with FCoV. Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. How to use coronavirus in a sentence. The PEDV receptor is also unknown. [7] Carriers may heal spontaneously, but acquired immunity may be short, and they may go on to reinfect, usually within a few weeks, if they are living in a group with healthy, but persistent, excretory carriers. FCoV serotype I (also called type I) is the most frequent. : COVID-19] [MED.] After this mutation, the FCoV acquires a tropism for macrophages while losing intestinal tropism. Participating laboratories report weekly to CDC the total number of coronavirus tests performed that … Mixing of fecal samples from multiple cats may result in an inaccurate result. Receive exclusive offers, special event news and more via email. Etymology. How cytomegalovirus (CMV) is spread. It is recommended that the kittens are weaned early and segregated from their mother before they infect each other (at about 5 to 6 weeks). Overcrowding increases the risk of mutation and conversion from FECV to FIPV, which constitutes a major risk factor for the development of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) cases. [7], In a large group of cats, n, the epidemiological risk of mutation (E) is higher and expressed theoretically as: E = n2 −n. Samples from FIP-suspects should include 1-2 ml of fluid (ascites, whole blood, serum, or plasma) or 1-2 grams of fresh tissues. Sialic acid is a component of the complex sugar glycocalix, which is the mucus protecting the gastrointestinal and respiratory mucosa. In humans, a species known as SARS coronavirus (or Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) causes a highly contagious respiratory disease that is characterized by symptoms of fever, cough, and muscle ache, often with progressive difficulty in breathing. If the kittens born to a mother's blood group B are removed from their mother for 24 hours (to avoid. The infecting virus enters its host cell by binding to the APN receptor. The virus becomes feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) when random errors occur in the virus infecting an enterocyte, causing the virus to mutate from FECV to FIPV. If this protection is only supported by maternal antibodies, why are these antibodies not protecting the mother herself? Typically, serotype I FCoV cultures are difficult to perform, with few resulting studies. The FCoV type I receptor still is unknown. [7] FIPV causes a lethal, incurable disease: feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Sometimes coronaviruses that infect animals can evolve and make people sick and become a new human coronavirus. The … While the pathogenesis of FIP is poorly understood, it is now believed that detection and removal of persistently infected and shedding cats in a multi-cat household can reduce the risk of FIP emergence within that population. In response to the increased interest within the cat breeding and cat owning community, the Animal Health Diagnostic Center at Cornell University now offers a fecal RT-PCR test for FCoV. die Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019 [abbr. However, several questions arise: Other molecules from colostrum and cat milk, could also bear this coverage: lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, rich proline polypeptide—PRP and alpha-lactalbumine. It is a coronavirus of the species Alphacoronavirus 1 which includes canine coronavirus (CCoV) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV). The only known exceptions are on the Falkland Islands and the Galapagos, where studies found no occurrences of FCoV antibodies in cats tested. Learn how to keep pets and livestock, as well as yourself, safe during the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 (the novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19) People around the world commonly get infected with human coronaviruses 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1. CMV is mainly spread through close contact with someone who already has CMV. Coronavirus infection in dogs is usually restricted to the enteric tract. Cats living in groups can infect each other with different strains of the virus during visits to a communal litter tray. Feline coronavirus is typically shed in feces by healthy cats and transmitted by the fecal-oral route to other cats. View Online Version. Coronavirus is a virus in the family Coronaviridae. There are also two different serotypes found with different antigens that produce unique antibodies. Single positive or negative tests are meaningless as cats may shed intermittently or may be recently infected. In the first weeks of life, APN could be immature because highly manno-glycosylated. COVID-19 Update; Become a Pebble Beach Insider. In humans, it usually causes…. However, they have important differences based on current information. Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE, aminopetidase A and aminopeptidase N have cascading actions in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which suggests a common phylogenetic origin between these molecules. Together, the Libraries hold more than 12 million printed items, over 80,000 e-journals and outstanding special collections including rare books and manuscripts, classi… The Bodleian Libraries at the University of Oxford is the largest university library system in the United Kingdom. Mentioned in: Common Cold, Pneumonia Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. To contact your GP surgery: visit their website; use the NHS App; call them; Find out about using the NHS during coronavirus. The ACE II is also called L-SIGN (liver/lymph node-specific intracellular adhesion molecules-3 grabbing non-integrin). The lactoferrin anti-viral activity is sialic-acid–dependent. We report the identification of a pantropic, highly patho-genic variant of CCoV type II. 2001 Use of  a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for monitoring the shedding of feline coronavirus by healthy cats. Aménagement des salles, surveillance, adaptation des épreuves : les organisateurs de concours et les grandes écoles tentent de s'adapter au mieux à l'épidémie de coronavirus. To assess the distri-bution of the TGEV-like CCoV subtype, during 2001–2008 we tested fecal samples from dogs with gastroenteritis. : COVID-19] Verbs so. The name "coronavirus" is derived from Latin corona, meaning "crown" or "wreath", itself a borrowing from Greek κορώνη korṓnē, "garland, wreath". As yet poorly understood changes in the virus can give rise to mutants that lead to the development of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). [26], Kittens born from mothers carrying FECV are protected from infection during their first weeks of life until weaned by maternal antibodies. Aminopeptidase N has the same ability to interact with plant lectins C-type mannose-binding and also serves as a receptor for a retrovirus. Some advanced studies have shown a high homology between the Aminopeptidase N and the Angiotensin-converting enzyme. Therefore, SARS and the novel coronavirus are distantly related. (Addie D.D., Jarrett O. Although we have studied swine enteric coronavirus disease (SECD) for decades, the emergence of new strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv) and of porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) has recently resulted in significant swine morbidity and mortality in multiple countries. The Study In May 2005, a severe outbreak of fatal systemic dis- ease occurred in a pet shop in Bari, Italy. It generally causes asymptomatic infection, but can cause mild diarrhea. COVID-19. Coronaviruses bind to macrophages via the Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing Non-integrin (DC-SIGN) which is a trans-membrane protein encoded in humans by the CD209 gene. Sars (a particularly severe form of pneumonia) was also caused by a coronavirus, but these viruses can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to serious. [9] The type II cultures are generally easier to perform, which has resulted in an imbalance of experiments performed with many studies about type II (even though it is a far less common form). ist positiv auf das Coronavirus getestet worden: Other actions Start new thread Manage vocabulary View search history. More recent research points to a common ancestor between FCoV and CCoV. Coronavirus update: how to contact a GP. [10], Coronaviruses are covered with several types of "S proteins" (or E2) forming a crown of protein spikes on the surface of the virus. Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) is a common viral infection in cats. [7], Infection of macrophages by FIPV is responsible for development of a fatal granulomatous vasculitis, or FIP (see granuloma). Domestic cats living in a group therefore have a much higher epidemiological risk of mutation. Factors in breastmilk may inhibit the synthesis of fANP by enterocytes, as already described with fructose or sucrose. Coronaviruses take their name from the observation of this crown by electron microscopy. Type I, that can be defined as 'FECV that could mutate to FIPV type I', is responsible for 80% of the infections. The Canine Parvovirus-Coronavirus Antigen Test Kit is a chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of Canine Parvovirus antigen and Coronavirus antigen in canine feces. The virus is excreted in the feces of the healthy carrier, and can be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of feces or by PCR testing of rectal samples.[7]. [7] Development of FIP depends on two factors: virus mutation and low immunity where virus mutation depends on the rate of mutation of FECV to FIPV and the immune status depends on the age, the genetic pool and the stress level. bLF consists of a 689-amino acid polypeptide chain to which complex and high-mannose-type glycans are linked.[30]. In March 2003, a previously unknown coronavirus was identified as the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS. Vol 148. pp. Coronavirus. These cats are generally asymptomatic, can shed large amounts of virus in feces, and serve as a continual source of infection for other cats in the environment. They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome. 12 May 2013 - The Ministry of Social Affairs and Health in France has informed WHO of an additional laboratory-confirmed case with infection of the novel coronavirus (nCoV). Winter 2020 Volume 23. [7][16], In 2007, it was well established that serotype I did not work with the FCoV fAPN receptor. It has two different forms: feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) that infects the intestines and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) that causes the disease feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The genome size of coronaviruses is about 26 to 32 kilobases, which is extraordinarily large for an RNA virus. AnnalesAgro-VétoPhysique et Chimie : Concours Agro et véto sélection 90 à 97 de Physique et Chimie Corrigés, Sup, Spé BCPST, Véto, DEUG B: Amazon.ca: Books All strains of the coronavirus study group 1 (feline, porcine and human) can bind to the feline aminopeptidase N fapn but the human coronavirus can bind to the human APN (HAPN) but not to the porcine type receptor (pAPN) and the pig coronavirus can bind to the porcine APN (pAPN) but not the human type receptor (hAPN). [14][15], The FECV spikes have a high affinity for enterocytes fAPN, while the mutant FIPV spikes have a high affinity for the macrophages fAPN. Coronavirus definition is - any of a family (Coronaviridae) of large single-stranded RNA viruses that have a lipid envelope studded with club-shaped spike proteins, infect birds and many mammals including humans, and include the causative agents of MERS, SARS, and COVID-19 —abbreviation CoV, CV. This test can be used to identify asymptomatic FCoV shedding cats so steps can be taken to isolate them from other cats or to prevent their introduction to a resident population. Welcome to the International Swine Enteric Coronavirus Diseases Meeting Website . One of a family of RNA-containing viruses known to cause severe respiratory illnesses. [3] In environments with multiple cats, the transmission rate is much higher compared to single-cat environments. The equine coronavirus, a beta coronavirus, has been recently isolated from a number of outbreaks across the United States, Europe and Japan, with its rising incidence being associated with increased awareness and testing. In clinical FIP suspect cats, the test can also identify FCoV in ascites fluid, whole blood, plasma, serum or fresh tissues (kidney, liver, or spleen). This intestinal infection has few outward signs, and is usually chronic. See more. coronavirus disease 2019 [abbr. These four common types include 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1. [38] The spikes of CoV could then not be bound. Equine coronavirus manifests as an enteric disease in the horse. Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that infects cats worldwide. In their pre-domestication natural state, cats are solitary animals and do not share space (hunting areas, rest areas, defecation sites, etc.). Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that infects cats worldwide. They can spread much like cold viruses. This spike manno-glycosylation stage is vital for the acquisition of coronavirus virility. The name was coined by June Almeida and David Tyrrell who first observed and studied human coronaviruses. [2] FIPV causes feline infectious peritonitis, for which treatment is generally symptomatic and palliative only. Workings of the General Assembly during the COVID-19 pandemic. [39][40][41], Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and Feline infectious peritonitis, The viral receptor: aminopeptidase N (APN), Interactions between the viruses and sialic acid, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, Feline infectious peritonitis virus WSU 79-1146, "Prevalence of Feline Coronavirus Antibodies in Japanese Domestic Cats during the Past Decade", "Efficacy and safety of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for treatment of cats with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis", "Quarantine protects Falkland Islands (Malvinas) cats from feline coronavirus infection", "Infectious Diseases of Dogs and Cats on Isabela Island, Galapagos", "Acquisition of Macrophage Tropism during the Pathogenesis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis is Determined by Mutations in the Feline Coronavirus Spike Protein", "Feline and Canine Coronaviruses: Common Genetic and Pathobiological Features", "Feline Coronavirus Type II Strains 79-1683 and 79-1146 Originate from a Double Recombination between Feline Coronavirus Type I and Canine Coronavirus", "A Tale of Two Viruses: The Distinct Spike Glycoproteins of Feline Coronaviruses", "Feline aminopeptidase N serves as a receptor for feline, canine, porcine, and human coronaviruses in serogroup I", "Molecular Determinants of Species Specificity in the Coronavirus Receptor Aminopeptidase N (CD13): Influence of N-Linked Glycosylation", "Identification of Sugar Residues Involved in the Binding of TGEV to Porcine Brush Border Membranes", "Utilization of DC-SIGN for Entry of Feline Coronaviruses into Host Cells", "Type I feline coronavirus spike glycoprotein fails to recognize aminopeptidase N as a functional receptor on feline cell lines", "Sequence and expression of a membrane-associated C-type lectin that exhibits CD4-independent binding of human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120", "Sialic acid-specific lectins: Occurrence, specificity and function", "Binding of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus to Cell Surface Sialoglycoproteins", "Binding of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus to Brush Border Membrane Sialoglycoproteins", "Association between faecal shedding of feline coronavirus and serum α1-acid glycoprotein sialylation", "Serum α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration in non-symptomatic cats with feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection", "The 3.1-Angstrom Cryo-electron Microscopy Structure of the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Spike Protein in the Prefusion Conformation", "Lactoferrin Prevents Dendritic Cell-Mediated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmission by Blocking the DC-SIGN--gp120 Interaction", "Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of bovine lactotransferrin", "Special Oromucosal Cytokine Therapy : Mechanism(s) of Action", "Distribution of Bovine Milk Sialoglycoconjugates During Lactation", "Changes in the mannan binding lectin (MBL) concentration in human milk during lactation", "Morphological and functional changes in the enterocyte induced by fructose", "Post-translational suppression of expression of intestinal brush border enzymes by fructose", Dr ADDIE website focused research about FIP, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feline_coronavirus&oldid=1002609758, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Here’s what it will take to vaccinate 14 million people by mid-February. Veterinary Record. They have a nucleo capsid of helical symmetry. A house hosting 2 cats therefore has risk of mutation E = 2. The infection is self-limiting and in general produces only mild or asymptomatic forms of enteritis (8). Novel coronavirus infection - update. Kittens with no outside contamination and that are deprived of contact with their mother during their first 2 months of life (an important immunological period) may be protected. Our Foundation believes education is the foundation for success. Physique-chimie BCPST Concours Agro-Véto : Oraux corrigés et commentés coronavirus meaning: 1. a type of virus that causes diseases in humans and animals. Fax: (607) 253-3943 SARS is a coronavirus that was identified in 2003 and belongs to the same large family of viruses as the novel coronavirus. It is widely accepted that passive protection is passed on to kittens by immunoglobulins nursery (antibodies) provided by colostrum and the mother's milk. Learn more. [citation needed]. To be identified as a chronic shedding carrier, a cat should be fecal virus positive on multiple tests over an 8-month period. Visit Amazon.au's Christian Bellec Page and shop for all Christian Bellec books. For more information on these common coronavirus types, visit the Human Coronavirus Types webpage. It is an important facilitating fusion factor of any viruses to its host cell which has been very well studied for flu. It causes a highly contagious intestinal disease worldwide in dogs. FIP has been shown to develop in cats whose immunity is low; such as younger kittens, old cats, immunosuppression due to viral—FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus) and/or FeLV (feline leukemia virus) and stress, including the stress of separation and adoption. [18] ACE and DC-SIGN are two trans-membrane retrovirus receptors (mannose receptors) which can bind "the plant lectins C-type mannose binding domain".[19]. This ancestor gradually evolved into FCoV I. Announcements on service adjustments are posted on our, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell Ruffian Equine Specialists, on Long Island, Submission Guidelines for SARS-CoV-2 Testing, Anaerobic Transport Media Inoculation Protocol, Anthrax Sample Collection and Shipping Guidelines, Aseptically Collecting Bacterial Culture Samples at Necropsy, Avian and Reptile Estimated White Blood Cell Count, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Persistently Infected Animals, Canine Adrenal and Pituitary Function Tests, Canine, Feline and Equine Metabolic Function Tests, Comparative Coagulation Submission Guidelines, Culturing Technique for Contagious Equine Metritis, Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction, Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) Testing, Feline Adrenal and Pituitary Function Tests, Hygiene Recommendations for Horse Handlers, Klebsiella Mastitis Prevention and Control, Lyme Disease Multiplex Testing for Horses, Pet Food Testing for Possible Contamination, QMPS DC305 Pathogen Codes and Information, Salmonella: Bacterial Culture and PCR Testing Explanation, Samples Requiring Nucleic Acid Extraction, Shar-Pei Autoinflammatory Disease (SPAID), Transtracheal Wash Procedure for Cattle and Horses. CCoV gradually evolved into TGEV. [5][6], Feline enteric coronavirus is responsible for an infection of the mature gastrointestinal epithelial cells[7] (see also enterocytes, brush border, microvilli, villi). Sialic acid: during lactation, neutralizing oligo-saccharides binding sialic acid decreases when it binds increasingly to glycoproteins. Pebble Beach Company Foundation. COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that can trigger what doctors call a respiratory tract infection. *FREE* shipping on eligible orders. At the cellular level the glycosylation level of enterocytes APN is important for the binding of virus to the receptor. Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) is a common viral infection in cats. As yet poorly understood changes in the virus can give rise to mutants that lead to the development of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Feces should be stored in a clean plastic bag to prevent dehydration. BOVILIS ® Coronavirus is recommended for use in healthy calves as an aid in the reduction of enteric disease caused by bovine coronavirus. Canine coronavirus (CCoV) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus which is a member of the species Alphacoronavirus 1. Most cats infected with a FCoV eliminate virus following infection, but some cats may develop a persistent infection. Mentioned in: Common Cold, Pneumonia Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Continual circulation of FCoV within a cat population may increase the chance that a virulent FIP strain might emerge. 649-653.). Email: diagcenter@cornell.edu, COVID-19: The AHDC is open. tests positive for Covid-19 jmd. Latest. Two forms of feline coronavirus are found in nature: enteric (FECV) and FIP (FIPV). The drug GS-441524 shows promise as an antiviral treatment for FIP, but at the moment it's only available on the black market and still requires further research. During the viral replication cycle, spikes proteins mature in the host cell Golgi complex with a high mannose glycosylation. An EM structure of it shows sialic acid binding sites. A coronavirus is a type of common virus that can infect your nose, sinuses, or upper throat. By David Cox. [20] It is more than likely that the unknown FCoV serotype I receptor is also a member of this receptor family and acts with mannose binding lectins. In March 2003, a previously unknown coronavirus was identified as the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS. Companion Animal Hospital in Ithaca, NY for cats, dogs, exotics, and wildlife, Equine and Nemo Farm Animal Hospitals in Ithaca, NY for horses and farm animals, Cornell Ruffian Equine Specialists, on Long Island for every horse, Ambulatory and Production Medicine for service on farms within 30 miles of Ithaca, NY, Animal Health Diagnostic Center New York State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca, New York 14853-6401. [4], Feline coronavirus is found in cat populations around the world. The colostrum and breast milk also contain: Other assumptions may help to explain this resistance to FCoV infections by kittens. A cat that tests negative on monthly tests over a 5-month period of time may be considered a non-shedder. Samples required for the fecal RT-PCR screening test are 2-5 grams fresh feces. Coronaviruses of potential recombinant origin with por-cine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), referred to as a new subtype (IIb) of canine coronavirus (CCoV), were recently identifi ed in dogs in Europe. Phone: (607) 253-3900 FCoV type II is a recombinant virus type I with spike genes (S protein) replacement from FCoV by the canine coronavirus (CCoV) spikes. [24][25], The Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) S protein is 45% identical to FCoV type I spike. Some cats are resistant to the virus and can avoid infection or even becoming carriers, while others may become FECV carriers. [2] It is a coronavirus of the species Alphacoronavirus 1 which includes canine coronavirus (CCoV) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV). Some cats never heal, and the excretory phase remains permanently. [15][22][23] Feline coronavirus infections are therefore sialic acid dependent. The Anigen Rapid Canine Parvovirus-Coronavirus Ag Test Kit has the letters “T” and “C” as the Test line and Control line on the surface of the device. Here’s what it will take to vaccinate 14 million people by mid-February.

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